Chemical Composition of Blackberry Press Cake, Polyphenolic Extract, and Defatted Seeds, and Their Effects on Cecal Fermentation, Bacterial Metabolites, and Blood Lipid Profile in Rats
ABSTRACT:
Blackberry fiber (BF), extracted blackberry fiber (EBF), defatted blackberry seeds (DBS), and blackberry polyphenols (BP) were added to the diets of rats. A control diet, fiber diets (BF, EBF, DBS) with 6% addition instead of cellulose, and a polyphenol diet (BP) with 1% addition were administered for 4 weeks. BF and DBS contained polyphenols (3.6%); EBF did not. DBS was free of fat. Ellagitannins were the main phenolics, mostly dimers (sanguiin H-6 with isomers) and monomers (pedunculagin, casuarictin isomer, and sanguiin H-2 isomer). Trimers (lambertianin C with isomers) and tetramers (lambertianin D) were in the minority. EBF increased the production of propionate and butyrate in the cecum and improved the blood lipid profile. Polyphenols beneficially decreased the activity of cecal β-glucuronidase, but they may have also increased cholesterol levels in blood. Bacterial metabolism of ellagitannins in the colon gave rise to nasutin A and urolithin A.
在大鼠饲粮中添加黑莓纤维(BF)、提取黑莓纤维(EBF)、脱脂黑莓籽(DBS)和黑莓多酚(BP)。对照组饲粮、6%纤维素饲粮(BF、EBF、DBS)和1%多酚饲粮(BP)饲喂4周。BF和DBS含有多酚(3.6%);EBF没有。脱脂黑莓籽不含脂肪。鞣花丹宁是主要的酚类化合物，主要是二聚体(血藤素H-6与同分异构体)和单体(长柄藻素、木麻黄素同分异构体和血藤素H-2同分异构体)。三聚体(朗伯tian C与同分异构体)和四聚体(朗伯tian D)占少数。EBF提高盲肠丙酸和丁酸的产量，改善血脂水平。多酚有助于降低盲肠β-葡萄糖醛酸酶的活性，但它们也可能增加血液中的胆固醇水平。鞣花丹宁在结肠的细菌代谢产生纳苏汀A和尿石素A。
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